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Soyuz
Flight Details 6
Soyuz T-15 (Mir 1)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: The Soviet proved their maturity in space with this ambitious mission. The crew first docked with the new Mir space station (launched 2/20/86). In 5/86, they transferred to the older Salyut 7 station, staying there a total of 50 days. During this time, the crew conducted two space walks to erect space structures similar to the ACCESS and EASE systems tested on the American STS-61B flight in late 1985. The cosmonauts later returned to Mir, where they continued to conduct experiments until they returned to Earth. During this mission, the Soviets also tested the upgraded Soyuz TM-1 spacecraft with an unmanned docking with Mir.
Soyuz TM-2 (Mir 2)Mission Statistics:
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EVA's:
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Mission Highlights: During this long-duration mission aboard the Mir station, the cosmonauts conducted two space walks. During the first, they installed additional solar panels on the Mir station. During the second, they removed a cover that prevented a docking between the Kvant astrophysical module (launched 3/87) and Mir. During a visit by the crew of Soyuz TM-3, Laveykin returned to Earth after experiencing irregular heartbeats. Laveykin's time in space was 174 days. Alexandrov, of the Soyuz TM-3 crew, remained aboard Mir with Romanenko. Romanenko's 326 days in orbit set a new flight duration record.
Soyuz TM-3Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: This short duration mission aboard Mir served as an ambulance to return the ailing Laveykin of the Soyuz TM-2 crew to Earth. Alexandrov remained aboard Mir to continue with the long-duration mission. Alexandrov's total time in space was 160 days. Farid was the first in a new series of Soviet-block cosmonauts to fly aboard Soyuz spacecraft.
Soyuz TM-4 (Mir 3)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: The three man crew of Soyuz TM-4 docked with Mir a few days before the return of Soyuz TM-2. This accomplished a crew replacement which allowed Mir to continue in an uninterrupted manned status. Levchenko accompanied Romanenko of Soyuz TM-2 and Alexandrov of Soyuz TM-3 back to Earth in Soyuz TM-2. Titov and Manarov continued on a long-duration mission. In February 1988, they conducted a 4-hour space walk to install experimental solar panels on the Mir station. In subsequent space walks, they repaired the Kvant astrophysical module. When they returned to Earth in December 1988, they had set a new endurance record of more than 1 year in space.
Soyuz TM-5Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: This short-duration crew made a visit to the long-duration Soyuz TM-4 crew aboard Mir. By coincidence, the Bulgarian cosmonaut Alexandrov has the same name as the Soviet cosmonaut who was a member of the Soyuz TM-3 crew.
Soyuz TM-6Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: This flight was to have been a routine short-duration flight to the Mir station. However, it ended in near disaster as a navigational computer malfunctioned in the Soyuz spacecraft preventing the crew from returning to Earth until their life support systems were almost depleted. Cosmonaut Polyokov, a space physician, remained aboard Mir to monitor the health of Soyuz TM-4 crew members Titov and Manarov. He returned to Earth with the later Soyuz TM-7 crew after spending 240 days in space.
Soyuz TM-7 (Mir 4)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: During this mission to the Mir station, French cosmonaut Chretien made his second spaceflight, becoming the first non-American westerner to travel into space more than once. He also became the first non-American/non-Soviet to make a space walk. During a 6-hour space walk, Chretien and Volkov deployed a French-built structure and installed an experiment package to the outside of Mir. Chretien returned to Earth with the long-duration Soyuz TM-4 crew after 24 days in space.
Soyuz TM-8 (Mir 5)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: This long-duration mission had five space walks and saw the first use of the Soviet equivalent of the American MMU backpack. During the first two space walks, the cosmonauts made repairs to the Mir station, including installing new navigational equipment and repairing a docking port. The next three space walks were to test the MMU. The Kvant 2 astrophysical module (launched 11/89) docked with Mir during this mission, again increasing the total habitable space of the Mir station.
Soyuz TM-9 (Mir 6)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: This was another in the ongoing series of long-duration missions aboard the Mir station. The cosmonauts made two space walks, the first to repair thermal blankets on the outside of their Soyuz spacecraft that were apparently damaged during launch and the second to try to repair a hatch that was damaged during the first space walk. The crew continued ongoing experiments in biomedicine, Earth resources, and astronomy. They also used the Kristall material processing module (launched 6/90).
Soyuz TM-10 (Mir 7)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: The Soyuz TM-10 flight arrived at the Mir station a few days before the Soyuz TM-9 returned to Earth, thus achieving an uninterrupted crew change. A space walk was performed by the crew to attempt further repairs on a damaged docking port hatch.
Soyuz TM-11 (Mir 8)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: The Soviet members of the Soyuz TM-11 crew replaced the Soyuz TM-10 crew aboard the Mir station. They conducted one space walk to complete repairs to a damaged airlock hatch, two space walks to move solar panels from the Kristall module to the Kvant 2 module, and the last space walk to inspect a navigational antenna that nearly caused a Progress ship to crash into Mir. The solar panels that were moved were in the shadow of other Mir solar panels and, therefore, were not functioning effectively on the Kristall module. Akiyama, the Japanese cosmonaut, was a paid passenger. He was a journalist whose news organization paid the Soviets over $12 million for the privilege. He returned to Earth with the Soyuz TM-10 after 8 days in space.
Soyuz TM-12 (Mir 9)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: The Soviet crew members of Soyuz TM-12 replaced the long-duration Soyuz TM-11 crew aboard Mir. This flight also was the first spaceflight by a British astronaut, Sharman, who conducted medical and agricultural experiments for a commercial project. She returned to Earth, after 8 days in orbit, with the Soyuz TM-11 crew. The Soyuz TM-12 crew conducted a total of 6 space walks, a record for one mission. During a 3 1/2 hour space walk, they installed an American cosmic ray detector on the Mir station. On other space walks, they installed a derrick, which was later used to reposition some of Mir's solar panels. During a 7-hour space walk on 7/27/91, Artsebarsky became blinded by a fogged helmet visor while atop a 46-foot tower, and had to be helped down by Krikalev. Krikalev returned to Earth on 3/25/92, with Alexander Volkov of the Soyuz TM-13 crew, to find that his former Soviet Union no longer existed.
Soyuz TM-13 (Mir 10)Mission Statistics:
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Mission Highlights: This mission was the first for an Austrian cosmonaut. Volkov replaced Artsebarsky of the Soyuz TM-12 long-duration crew aboard the Mir station. Artsebarsky had been aboard Mir for about 5 months, and was temporarily blinded during a space walk on 7/27/91. The Austrian cosmonaut, Viehboeck, and Kazakhstan's Aubakerov returned with Artsebarsky after 8 days aboard Mir. Volkov returned to Earth on 3/23/92, with Krikalev of the Soyuz TM-12 crew.
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