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International Space Station
Project Summary
The United States' first space station, Skylab, was launched on May 14, 1973 and supported three 3-man crews over the next six months. While Russia has maintained a permanent presence in Earth orbit since 1971 with its Salyut and Mir stations, NASA's follow-up to Skylab has had a long and turbulent trip to reality, which is still several years in the future. Primarily because of funding limitations and changes in emphasis by successive American Presidents and Congresses, what was originally envisioned as an all-American effort, evolved into a smaller American-European-Japanese-Canadian station, dubbed "Freedom." Since the collapse of the former-Soviet Union, Russia has been brought into the partnership to construct and operate what is (at least as of now) known simply as the "International Space Station." The first component of the space station, the Russian-built "Zarya" control module was launched by an unmanned Proton rocket from the Baikanour Cosmodrome on November 20, 1998. The "Unity" connector node was launched on the space shuttle Endeavour on December 4, 1998. The first American-Russian crew is scheduled to board the station shortly before the (real) turn of the century. Despite its rocky history, the space station promises to produce significant advances in scientific research that may lead to benefits for the homeworld that even the station's most ardent supporters have not envisioned. The station will also give mankind the additional long-term space experience needed for eventual colonization of the Moon and Mars. Two more major milestones were achieved in October 2000, when the first crew was launched to the station aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket and in February 2001, when the U.S. laboratory module "Destiny" was brought up in the space shuttle. After the Columbia accident in February 2003, station assembly was halted for almost 4 years, resuming in September 2006 with the installation of a second set of solar panels to the station. In the interim, Soyuz spacecraft ferried 2-person crews to and from the station. The International Space Station was completed in July 2011 with the final flight of the Space Shuttle Program, during which the space shuttle Atlantis brought a final load of equipment and supplies during a 13-day mission. During a total of 37 space shuttle visits to the ISS, 10 modules, 4 sets of solar arrays, 354 feet of truss, countless experiments, and a mass of equipment and supplies have been delivered to the space station. Future crews to the ISS will be launched aboard Russian Soyuz spacecraft until such time as either commercial crew transports or a NASA follow-on spacecraft has been designed and constructed to provide launches to orbit.
Station Assembly Missions
# of Flt.
Date Spacecraft Name Crew Days Mission/Payload
-------- ----------------------- ---- ---- ----------------------------------
Manned Flight Details 1
11/20/98 Proton (unmanned) 0 - Russian Zarya Control Module
12/04/98 STS-88 (Endeavour) 6 11 ISS-1 - Unity Node 1, PMA 1/2
05/27/99 STS-96 (Discovery) 7 10 ISS-2 - Outfitting/Spacehab DM
05/19/00 STS-101 (Atlantis) 7 10 ISS-3 - Outfitting/Spacehab DM
07/12/00 Proton (unmanned) 0 - Russian Zvezda Service Module
09/08/00 STS-106 (Atlantis) 7 11 ISS-4 - Zvezda Outfitting
10/11/00 STS-92 (Discovery) 7 11 ISS-5 - Z1 Truss, PMA 3
10/31/00 Soyuz TM-31/Exp. 1 3 139 Expedition 1 Crew
11/30/00 STS-97 (Endeavour) 5 10 ISS-6 - P6 Truss, PV Module
02/07/01 STS-98 (Atlantis) 5 13 ISS-7 - U.S. Destiny Lab
03/08/01 STS-102/Exp-2 (Discovery) 4+3 167 ISS-8 - Leonardo MPLM
Expedition 2 Crew/Crew 1 down
04/19/01 STS-100 (Endeavour) 7 11 ISS-9 - Raffaello MPLM
07/12/01 STS-104 (Atlantis) 7 13 ISS-10 - Quest Airlock
08/10/01 STS-105/Exp-3 (Discovery) 4+3 129 ISS-11 - Leonardo MPLM
Expedition 3 Crew/Crew 2 down
09/15/01 Soyuz (unmanned) 0 - Russian Pirs Docking Module
12/05/01 STS-108/Exp-4 (Endeavour) 4+3 196 ISS-12 - MPLM, PV Batteries
Expedition 4 Crew/Crew 3 down
04/08/02 STS-110 (Atlantis) 7 11 ISS-13 - S0 Truss/Mobile Trans.
06/05/02 STS-111/Exp-5 (Endeavour) 4+3 185 ISS-14 - Leonardo MPLM/Mob. Base
Expedition 5 Crew/Crew 4 down
10/07/02 STS-112 (Atlantis) 6 11 ISS-15 - S1 Truss, CETA Cart A
11/23/02 STS-113/Exp. 6 (Endeavour) 4+3 161 ISS-16 - P1 Truss, CETA Cart B
Expedition 6 Crew/Crew 5 down
04/25/03 Soyuz TMA-2/Exp. 7 2 185 Expedition 7 Crew
10/18/03 Soyuz TMA-3/Exp. 8 2+1 194 Expedition 8 Crew
04/18/04 Soyuz TMA-4/Exp. 9 2+1 188 Expedition 9 Crew
10/13/04 Soyuz TMA-5/Exp. 10 2+1 193 Expedition 10 Crew
Manned Flight Details 2
04/14/05 Soyuz TMA-6/Exp. 11 2+1 179 Expedition 11 Crew
07/26/05 STS-114 (Discovery) 7 14 ISS-17 - Rafaello MPLM
09/30/05 Soyuz TMA-7/Exp. 12 2+1 190 Expedition 12 Crew
03/29/06 Soyuz TMA-8/Exp. 13 2+1 183 Expedition 13 Crew
07/04/06 STS-121 (Discovery) 6+1 13 ISS-18 - Leonardo MPLM/1 ISS crew
09/09/06 STS-115 (Atlantis) 6 12 ISS-19 - P3/P4 Truss, PV Module
09/17/06 Soyuz TMA-9/Exp. 14 2+1 217 Expedition 14 Crew
12/09/06 STS-116 (Discovery) 6+1 13 ISS-20 - P5 Truss/1 ISS crew
04/07/07 Soyuz TMA-10/Exp. 15 2+1 198 Expedition 15 Crew
06/08/07 STS-117 (Atlantis) 6+1 14 ISS-21 - S3/S4 Truss, PV Module
08/08/07 STS-118 (Endeavour) 7 14 ISS-22 - S5 Truss
10/10/07 Soyuz TMA-11/Exp. 16 2+1 192 Expedition 16 Crew
10/23/07 STS-120 (Discovery) 6+1 15 ISS-23 - Node 2 "Harmony"
02/07/08 STS-122 (Atlantis) 6+1 12 ISS-24 - Columbus Lab Module
03/11/08 STS-123 (Endeavour) 6+1 16 ISS-25 - Japanese Stowage Module
04/08/08 Soyuz TMA-12/Exp. 17 2+1 199 Expedition 17 Crew
05/31/08 STS-124 (Discovery) 6+1 14 ISS-26 - Kibo Laboratory Modules
10/12/08 Soyuz TMA-13/Exp. 18 2+1 178 Expedition 18 Crew
11/14/08 STS-126 (Endeavour) 6+1 16 ISS-27 - Leonardo MPLM/1 ISS crew
03/15/09 STS-119 (Discovery) 6+1 13 ISS-28 - S6 Truss
03/26/09 Soyuz TMA-14/Exp. 19 2+1 199 Expedition 19/20 Crew
05/27/09 Soyuz TMA-15/Exp. 20 3 188 Expedition 20 Crew
07/15/09 STS-127 (Endeavour) 6+1 16 ISS-29 - JEF for Kibo
08/28/09 STS-128 (Discovery) 6+1 14 ISS-30 - Leonardo MPLM/1 ISS crew
Manned Flight Details 3
09/30/09 Soyuz TMA-16/Exp. 21 2+1 169 Expedition 21/22 Crew
11/16/09 STS-129 (Atlantis) 6 11 ISS-31 - Express Carriers 1 & 2
12/20/09 Soyuz TMA-17/Exp. 22 3 163 Expedition 22/23 Crew
02/08/10 STS-130 (Endeavour) 6 14 ISS-32 - Tranquility/Cupola
04/02/10 Soyuz TMA-18/Exp. 23 3 176 Expedition 23/24 Crew
04/05/10 STS-131 (Discovery) 7 15 ISS-33 - Leonardo MPLM/LMPESSC
05/14/10 STS-132 (Atlantis) 6 12 ISS-34 - MRM-1 Rassvet
06/16/10 Soyuz TMA-19/Exp. 24 3 163 Expedition 24/25 Crew
10/07/10 Soyuz TMA-01M/Exp. 25 3 159 Expedition 25/26 Crew
12/15/10 Soyuz TMA-20/Exp. 26 3 159 Expedition 26/27 Crew
02/24/11 STS-133 (Discovery) 6 13 ISS-35 - Leonardo PMM
04/04/11 Soyuz TMA-21/Exp. 27 3 164 Expedition 27/28 Crew
05/16/11 STS-134 (Endeavour) 6 16 ISS-36 - AMS-2 / Express Carrier 3
06/07/11 Soyuz TMA-02M/Exp. 28 3 167 Expedition 28/29 Crew
07/08/11 STS-135 (Atlantis) 4 13 ISS-37 - Raffaello MPLM
11/13/11 Soyuz TMA-22/Exp. 29 3 165 Expedition 29/30 Crew
12/21/11 Soyuz TMA-03M/Exp. 30 3 193 Expedition 30/31 Crew
Manned Flight Details 4
05/14/12 Soyuz TMA-04M/Exp. 31 3 125 Expedition 31/32 Crew
07/15/12 Soyuz TMA-05M/Exp. 32 3 127 Expedition 32/33 Crew
10/23/12 Soyuz TMA-06M/Exp. 33 3 144 Expedition 33/34 Crew
12/19/12 Soyuz TMA-07M/Exp. 34 3 146 Expedition 34/35 Crew
03/29/13 Soyuz TMA-08M/Exp. 35 3 180e Expedition 35/36 Crew
05/28/13 Soyuz TMA-09M/Exp. 36 3 180e Expedition 36/37 Crew
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